Your knee joint is the largest joint in your body and also a very complex one. Because it is very important for your daily activities and you use it a lot, it can get injured and damaged.
Your knee joint is made up of:
| 3 bones | Thigh bone (femur), shinbone (tibia) and knee cap (patella). |
| Cartilage | Thin covering which keeps bones apart and provides a smooth, slippery surface for painless, free movement of your knee. |
| 4 Ligaments | Thick rubber-bands like structures that holds the two bones together and provide stability. |
| 2 Menisci | C - shaped cushions between the femur and tibia which act as shock absorbers. |
Your knee can get damaged due to accidental fall, twisting, injury while walking, running, playing sports. Arthritis - damage and wear of the cartilage can occur due to Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Previous Injury, Fracture or Dislocation.
| Cartilage damage | Early arthritis, osteonecrosis and injuries may lead to cartilage damage of a limited area leading to pain, stiffness, swelling and difficulty in performing daily activities such as walking, standing, sitting for long, climbing stairs and sitting cross legged. |
| Meniscal tear | Results from injury, when one excessively bends the knee as in squatting, or due to twisting. Apart from pain, swelling, stiffness and difficulty in walking, there may be 'locking'. |
| Ligament tears | Sports injuries or accidents may cause ligaments to tear causing instability and 'giving way'. |
Unicompartmental knee resurfacing (UKR) is a minimally invasive procedure where only the inner (medial) compartment of the knee joint is resurfaced when the cartilage there gets completely worn out.
Total 'Knee Replacement' (TKR) is actually misleading as your whole knee is not replaced! It only involves resurfacing the cartilage on the 3 bones where they move against each other. The new surfaces are made of metal and polyethylene and are fixed to your bones with special bone cement. The implants we use are imported, have been well tested, and have been used successfully for many years.
Patellofemoral resurfacing (PFR) is a minimally invasive procedure where only the front (patellofemoral or behind the knee cap) compartment of the knee joint is resurfaced when the cartilage there gets completely worn out.
Bicompartmental knee resurfacing (BKR) is a minimally invasive procedure where both the inner (medial) and front (patellofemoral) compartments of the knee joint are resurfaced when the cartilage there gets completely worn out.
Total hip replacement (THR) is a procedure where the diseased cartilage and bone of the hip joint is replaced by an artificial socket (to replace acetabular cup) and ball (to replace the femoral head). We use a "cementless" prosthesis which allow natural bony ingrowth around the implants and naturally fixes the THR implant to the native bone.
Revision Total Knee or Hip Replacement is a procedure where previous failed knee or hip prosthesis (implant) is replaced with a new prosthesis. Failures of previous prosthesis may be commonly due infection, loosening, instability or fractures.
Arthroscopic surgery or “key-hole” surgery allows the surgeon to look inside the joint and perform procedures using special tiny instruments. This usually requires a stay of 24 hours in hospital. Meniscal and ligament tears are treated using arthroscopy as also certain cartilage regeneration procedures.
This is a minimally invasive procedure which involves transplanting your own cartilage cells to an area of limited cartilage damage. This is done as an open surgical procedure and requires overnight stay in the hospital. The transplanted cartilage cells may help to re-grow and form new normal cartilage at the site of damage, and is useful for loss of small areas of cartilage.
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